1. - Official language : Arabic (English and French are also used) 
2. - Capital : Cairo 
   
3. - Largest city : Cairo 
   
4. - Form of State : Republic 
   
5. - President : Mohamed Hosni Mubarak 
   
6. - Total surface : Ranked 30th; 995 450 km ² 
   
7. - Water % : 0.6% 
   
8. - Population : ranked 15th 
   
9. - Total (2008) : 81 713 517 habitants 
   
10. - Density : 75.1 inhabitants / km ² 
    
11. - Independence : Ex-protectorate of the United Kingdom 
    
12. - Date : 28 February 1922 
    
13. - Currency : Egyptian Pound (EGP) 
    
14. - Electricity : 220 V 
    
15. - Internet domain : .eg 
    
16. - Telephone code : +20 

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The flag of Egypt in its present form was adopted on 4 October 1984. It consists of three horizontal stripes, red, white and black, with the national emblem of Egypt, the Eagle of Saladin in the center of the white band.  

The air is particularly dry and healthy, and only the Nile makes it less Saharan climate. In winter the temperature is mild and frosts are rare. Apart from the months January, February and March, sometimes rather cold in the north. Average temperatures around 20 ° on the Mediterranean coast (maximum 31 °) and 28 ° to Aswan (maximum 46 °). In the desert, the extremes are mandatory incandescent the day, cold night.  

we distinguish four regions, Lower Egypt, Middle Egypt, Upper Egypt and Nubia. Egypt increases the range country's most populous Arab, 90% of its population lives in a fertile strip of land along the Nile (on average 10 km, but may have only ten meters). The rest of the territory is desert.  

The majority of Egyptians 85% claims to Islam, introduced in Egypt in 642 AD. Copts (Egyptian Christians) make up 15%. Before the arrival of Islam, Christianity was the predominant religion in the country, one of the first to have embraced this new faith. The Copts are the result of a split of the Eastern Orthodox Church (Wikipedia reference).  

To enter Egypt, your passport must be valid for six months after return. For some nationalities, such as French, the Swiss, Belgians, and Canadians ..., a national identity card is sufficient. The visa, valid 3 months, is obtained from the Egyptian Consulate or upon arrival at the airport in Egypt. Beware, if you want to make a trip out of Egypt, remember to ask the consulate for a visa multiple entries.  

No vaccination certificate is required for Egypt. Avoid tap water, avoid ice cubes, raw vegetables and fruit salads. Take the cooked vegetables and peeled fruits.
Bring with you a pharmaceutical kit comprising: an intestinal disinfectant, the anti-mosquito cream, eye drops, aspirin, disinfectant ... Good sunglasses, a sunscreen cream and especially a hat are recommended.

keep with you light cotton clothing. Woolen cloths, in Cairo the winter evenings are often cool. Comfortable walking shoes. Avoid short shorts, miniskirts, very open-cut.  

The local currency is the Egyptian pound divided into 100 piasters. Credit cards are only accepted in major hotels and some shops and on board Nile cruises.
The Euro, Swiss Franc and U.S. Dollar are accepted in larger shops. Traveler's checks are not practical for the change. There are ATMs in all major cities.